Clinkerization

Kiln Inlet Analyser gas composition reveals the process (kiln) stability and combustion efficiency. With a good flame in kiln O2 at kiln inlet will be about 1-2% and CO less than 200 ppm, while as it has been observed that an unstable …

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Kiln Control and Operation

The different kiln systems can be distinguished by the moisture content of the raw material, which is fed to the kiln system. The different process types are: 1. Wet process 30-40 % Moisture 2. Semi wet process 17-21 % Moisture 3. Semi dry process 10-15 % Moisture 4. Dry process < 1 % Moisture Although each type of …

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Cement kiln refractories

Whilst great efforts are made to ensure appropriate refractory brick materials selection, installation, deployment (zoning) and the optimisation of the kiln light-up, it is primarily the nature and stability of the subsequent kiln operation that …

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