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This study reviews non-cyanide gold leaching reagents, with a focus on their fundamentals, applications, and commonalities. There is a wide variety of gold lixiviants, including sulfur-containing gold leaching reagents and halogens.
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Where there is not too great a proportion of base metals on which the solvent will act, and when the material is rich enough in gold to pay for the extra cost of treatment, chlorination or cyanisation are the best modes of extraction yet …
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In this paper, we summarized the research progress and remaining challenges in gold extraction using these noncyanide reagents. After a brief introduction to the preparation method, the transformation process of various sulfur-containing species in …
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1. Introduction. Cyanide leaching (cyanidation), which converts the gold into a cyanide complex (Au(CN) 2 −) that is soluble in water, is currently the most prevailing and effective process to extract gold from ores [1, 2].This process requires excess cyanide to improve gold recovery and produces exceptionally large quantities of cyanide-bearing wastes in the …
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The recent development of a thiosulfate leaching plant at Barrick Gold's Goldstrike operation has alluded to the complex and unstable nature of leaching gold using this system and the significant process design difference of using thiosulfate over conventional cyanide (Braul, 2013, Choi et al., 2013, La Brooy and Smith, 2013).
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Cyanide Leach Process - pH Mining: Gold Processing While there are many different processes to remove gold from its encapsulating ore, cyanide leaching (cyanidation) is perhaps the most common and well known. A cyanide solution (NaCN or KCN) is elevated to a high pH level (>10.5pH) so that free cyanide (CN-) will dissolve the gold in the ore.
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The formation of copper and silver cyanide complexes during the first stage of the leaching process affects the cyanide consumption for gold recovery. Consequently, the operational costs for cyanidation have increased significantly.
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Alkaline sulfur-containing lixiviants, including thiosulfate, polysulfides, and alkaline sulfide solutions, stand out as a promising class of alternatives to cyanide because of their low toxicity, high efficiency, and strong adaptability. In this paper, we summarized the research progress and remaining challenges in gold extraction using these noncyanide reagents. After a …
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Without taking into account any differences in gold extraction, the reagent costs for thiosulfate are about double those for cyanide. While actual costs may vary, reagent costs for …
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However, the current cost of pollution control and treatment of hazardous waste in cyanide plants is very high. From an efficiency point of view, the stability constant of the gold-cyanide complex is the highest among all lixiviants.
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A study on the dissolution kinetics of gold ore in a solution of NaCN has been undertaken. The dissolution kinetics of the gold was found to depend on the stirring rate, reaction temperature ...
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Over the past three decades, a significant amount of literature has examined alternative lixiviants to cyanide for recovering gold, while few industrial applications have been reported due to various obstacles, such as toxicity, excessive consumption, or …
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The feasibility of using potassium permanganate as a reagent for cyanide oxidation in wastewater was experimentally studied. Both artificial and production wastewater from two different gold mines ...
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The CIL process results in improved conditions for gold dissolution as a result of the lower gold tenor, albeit at a cost of lower gold-on-carbon loading.
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Where there is not too great a proportion of base metals on which the solvent will act, and when the material is rich enough in gold to pay for the extra cost of treatment, chlorination or cyanisation are the best modes of extraction yet practically adopted.
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The formation of copper and silver cyanide complexes during the first stage of the leaching process affects the cyanide consumption for gold recovery. Consequently, the operational costs for cyanidation have increased …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
A cyanide solution (NaCN or KCN) is elevated to a high pH level (>10.5pH) so that free cyanide (CN-) will dissolve the gold in the ore. pH Measurement Challenges Gold processing operations are highly dependent on online pH measurements …
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The CIL process results in improved conditions for gold dissolution as a result of the lower gold tenor, albeit at a cost of lower gold-on-carbon …
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Currently, cyanide is the predominant lixiviant used to extract gold due to its strong complexation with gold and the technical simplicity of the leaching process (Avraamides, 1982, Habashi, 1987, Marsden and House, 2006).However, the use of cyanide can bring challenges in terms of environmental, health and safety aspects (Aylmore, 2005, Laitos, 2012).
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Thiocyanate (SCN–) is a promising alternative to cyanide as a lixiviant for gold extraction and is 1000 times less toxic than cyanide. In this study, the following leaching parameters were ...
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Kyrgyzstan, Kumtor Gold Mine, 1998: A truck carrying 2 tons of sodium cyanide crashed into the Barskoon river, resulting in more than 2,000 people seeking medical care. Romania, Aural Gold, 2000 : A tailings dam ruptured, spilling 3.5 million cubic feet of cyanide-contaminated waste into the Tisza and Danube Rivers, killing fish and poisoning ...
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However, the current cost of pollution control and treatment of hazardous waste in cyanide plants is very high. From an efficiency point of view, the stability constant of the gold …
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Recently, with the increasing awareness of environmental hazards and potential risks posed by the severe toxicity of cyanide, attempts to seek alternative lixiviants have arisen.
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The main reason is likely to be that banning cyanide gold extraction in Europe would be bad for jobs, according to people familiar with the matter. 5. The Czech Republic. In 2002, the Czech parliament decided to ban gold cyanide leaching. 6. Germany. In 2006, Germany gradually reduced the amount of cyanide allowed in mining. 7. Hungary
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More than 83 per cent of the world's gold is extracted via cyanidation because of its convenient operation, low cost, and high leaching rate. However, cyanide has a high biological toxicity and poor leaching performance in refractory gold ores (containing copper and carbon) (Nunan et al., 2017, Nwaila et al., 2019).Hence, extensive studies have been conducted on …
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Glycine has recently gained plenty of attention in gold processing as an alternative lixiviant to cyanide due to its non-toxicity, efficiency in metal dissolution as well as selectivity for ...
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Despite the research interest in non-cyanide gold lixiviants, alternative gold processes are still at the early developmental stages. ... (for Eh control) make the overall cost of the process between 1.5 and 2 times the cost of cyanidation for the same material. ... On the chemistry of gold lixiviation by thiourea. Min. Proc. Extr. Metall. Rev ...
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Over the past three decades, a significant amount of literature has examined alternative lixiviants to cyanide for recovering gold, while few industrial applications have been …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
In this paper, we summarized the research progress and remaining challenges in gold extraction using these noncyanide reagents. After a brief introduction to the preparation …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
operations, gold recovery, leach residence time and cyanide consumption are generally measured in batch laboratory bench- scale tests, either in rolled bottles or in stirred vessels.
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Without taking into account any differences in gold extraction, the reagent costs for thiosulfate are about double those for cyanide. While actual costs may vary, reagent costs for thiourea and chloride are estimated to be an order of magnitude higher than for …
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